Fishers Networking as Resilience Measure of Small-Scale Fisheries by Women in Homa-Bay County, Kenya
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Resilience in nutritional standards and quality livelihood appear prominently among the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. The fishers networking as a resilience factor is essential for ensuring sustainability through continuity, and availability of business needs as a way of ensuring enterprise sustainability. On this dimension, networking remains a resilient measure in addressing forms of enterprise disruptions, thus maintaining functionality and objectives. In networking, fishers create diverse linkages among themselves and all stakeholders along the small-scale fisheries value chain. This investigation aims to explore how building networking among small-scale fishers becomes a resilient measure for small-scale fisheries. The objective of this study is to examine the contribution of fishers networking as a resilient measure of small-scale fisheries by women in Homa-Bay County, Kenya. Applying the mixed method approach, the study analyzed quantitative and qualitative data collected from 342 small-scale women fishers. The findings from both data sources were triangulated and became the basis of the study findings. Both Descriptive and inferential analysis were used in the study. Fishers networking had a moderate and significant relationship with the sustainability of small-scale fisheries. The findings revealed that r=0.591, R2= 0.349, F (1,341) =184.93, at P=0.000<0.05, confirming that fishers networking had a statistically significant contribution on the resilience of small-scale fisheries the coefficient of determination, R2= 0.349, indicating that fishers networking activities explain 34.9% of variations in the resilience of fisheries by women. The paper contributes to the literature on the voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries, poverty reduction among small-scale fishers, and nutritional and fisheries policy in developing nations. Furthermore, it adds to the literature on networking by highlighting the importance of fishers engaging in a dialogue with one another, the market, policy and community.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
References
- Alami, A. N., & Raharjo, S. N. I. (2017). Recognizing Indonesian fisherwomen’s roles in fishery resource management: Profile, policy, and strategy for economic empowerment. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 13(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2016.1275329
- Ameyaw, A. B., Breckwoldt, A., Reuter, H., & Aheto, D. W. (2020). From fish to cash: Analyzing
- the role of women in fisheries in the western region of Ghana. Marine Policy, 113, 103790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103790
- Anderson, J. L., Anderson, C. M., Chu, J., Meredith, J., Asche, F., Sylvia, G., Smith, M. D., Anggraeni, D., Arthur, R., Guttormsen, A., McCluney, J. K., Ward, T., Akpalu, W., Eggert, H., Flores, J., Freeman, M. A., Holland, D. S., Knapp, G., Kobayashi, M., … Valderrama, D. (2015). The Fishery Performance Indicators: A Management Tool for Triple Bottom Line Outcomes. PLOS ONE, 10(5), e0122809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122809
- Andriani, L., & Christoforou, A. (2016). Social Capital: A Roadmap of Theoretical and Empirical Contributions and Limitations. Journal of Economic Issues, 50(1), 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2016.1147296
- Awino, Z. B. (2013). Potential for Women Fish Traders to Upgrade within the Fish Trade Value Chain: Evidence from Kenya.
- Cámara, A., & Santero-Sánchez, R. (2019a). Economic, Social, and Environmental Impact of a Sustainable Fisheries Model in Spain. Sustainability, 11(22), 6311. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226311
- Cámara, A., & Santero-Sánchez, R. (2019b). Economic, Social, and Environmental Impact of a Sustainable Fisheries Model in Spain. Sustainability, 11(22), 6311. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226311
- Cambra‐Fierro, J., & Ruiz‐Benítez, R. (2011). Sustainable business practices in Spain: A two‐ case study. European Business Review, 23(4), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555341111145780
- Cochrane, K. L., Augustyn, C. J., Cockcroft, A. C., David, J. H. M., Griffiths, M. H., Groeneveld, J. C., Lipińnski, M. R., Smale, M. J., Smith, C. D., & Tarr, R. J. Q. (2004). An ecosystem approach to fisheries in the southern Benguela context. African Journal of Marine Science, 26(1), 9–35. https://doi.org/10.2989/18142320409504047
- Cohen, P. J., Allison, E. H., Andrew, N. L., Cinner, J., Evans, L. S., Fabinyi, M., Garces, L. R.,
- Hall, S. J., Hicks, C. C., Hughes, T. P., Jentoft, S., Mills, D. J., Masu, R., Mbaru, E. K., & Ratner, B. D. (2019). Securing a Just Space for Small-Scale Fisheries in the Blue Economy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00171 Domanović, V., Bogićević, J., & Krstić, B. (2020). Effects of enterprise sustainability on performance. Economics of Sustainable Development, 4(1), 11–23.
- https://doi.org/10.5937/ESD2001011D
- Doria,D.,D.,F, Hernande, Z,.A.,E.,T., & Vargas, R,. D., S. (2019). Enterprise Sustainability: Literature Review in the Context of SMEs Worldwide. 25, 38.
- FAO. (1995). Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Rome, FAO. Food & Agriculture Org.
- FAO (Ed.). (2015). Voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication.
- FAO (Ed.). (2018). Meeting the sustainable development goals.
- FAO. (2021). Small-scale fisheries and the human right to adequate food (p. 48) [Research report]. FAO.
- FAO. (2022). International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. Food & Agriculture Org.
- FAO, World Bank, & world Fish Centre. (2021). Illuminating Hidden Harvests (p. 8) [Research report]. FAO, Duke University, Wordfish.
- G.O.K. (2008). National Oceans and Fisheries Policy, 2008. (p. 42) [Policy document]. Ministry of Fisheries Development.
- Häuberer, J., & Jeřábek, H. (2011). Social capital theory: Towards a methodological foundation
- (1. ed). VS Verl. für Sozialwiss.
- Jentoft, S., Bavinck, M., Alonso-Población, E., Child, A., Diegues, A., Kalikoski, D., Kurien, J., McConney, P., Onyango, P., Siar, S., & Rivera, V. S. (2018). Working together in small- scale fisheries: Harnessing collective action for poverty eradication. Maritime Studies, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-018-0094-8
- Kalikoski, D. C., Jentoft, S., McConney, P., & Siar, S. (2019). Empowering small-scale fishers to eradicate rural poverty. Maritime Studies, 18(2), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-018-0112-x
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. (2018). Status of Kenya fisheries-Towards sustainable exploitation of fisheries (KMFRI, p. 154) [Research report]. KMFRI.
- Kizito, P., Kimani, E., & Lodiaga, M. (2017). Ventures Within Fisheries Value Chain that Men and Women Participate in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal –, Vol.4, No.8(No.8), 10. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.48.3022.
- Liontakis, A., Tzouramani, I., Mantziaris, S., & Sintori, A. (2020). Unravelling the Role of Gender in Fisheries’ Socio-Economic Performance: The Case of Greek Small-Scale Fisheries. Sustainability, 12(13), 5304. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135304
- Matthews, P., & Besemer, K. (2015). Social networks, social capital and poverty: Panacea or placebo? Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 23(3), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1332/175982715X14448122286274
- Nyako, O. (n.d.). Gender Mainstreaming Strategy. 16.
- Odoli, C. O., Owiti, H., Kobingi, N., Obiero, M., Ogari, Z., Mugo, J., Nyamweya, C., & Aura, C.
- M. (2019). Post-harvest interventions in small-scale fisheries: A boon or bane to food and nutritional security in Kenya? Food Security, 11(4), 855–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00950-x
- Penca, J., Said, A., Cavallé, M., Pita, C., & Libralato, S. (2021). Sustainable small-scale fisheries markets in the Mediterranean: Weaknesses and opportunities. Maritime Studies, 20(2), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00222-5
- Scholtens, J. (2016). The elusive quest for access and collective action: North Sri Lankan fishers’ thwarted struggles against a foreign trawler fleet. International Journal of the Commons, 10(2), 929. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.627
- Stacey, N., Gibson, E., Loneragan, N. R., Warren, C., Wiryawan, B., Adhuri, D. S., Steenbergen,
- D. J., & Fitriana, R. (2021). Developing sustainable small-scale fisheries livelihoods in Indonesia: Trends, enabling and constraining factors, and future opportunities. Marine Policy, 132, 104654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104654
- Tilley, A., Burgos, A., Duarte, A., dos Reis Lopes, J., Eriksson, H., & Mills, D. (2021). The contribution of women’s fisheries is substantial, but overlooked, in Timor-Leste. Ambio, 50(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01335-7
- Torre, J., Hernandez-Velasco, A., Rivera-Melo, F. F., Lopez, J., & Espinosa-Romero, M. J. (2019). Women’s empowerment, collective actions, and sustainable fisheries: Lessons from Mexico. Maritime Studies, 18(3), 373–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-019- 00153-2
- Vincent-Akpu, I. (2013). Sustainable Development in Fisheries. Impact Assessment, The Next Generation, 6.
- Weeratunge, N., Snyder, K. A., & Sze, C. P. (2010). Gleaner, fisher, trader, processor: Understanding gendered employment in fisheries and aquaculture: Gendered employment in fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 11(4), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 2979.2010.00368.x
- World Fish Centre. (2020). Institutional Options for Empowering Fisher Communities (Research Report CBFM-2; p. 16).